See studencki on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "student",
"4": "-ski",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tew-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-\nProto-Italic *studēō\nMedieval Latin studeō\nMedieval Latin studēnsder.\nMiddle High German studente\nGerman Studentbor.\nPolish student\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish studencki\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to push\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)tew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)tewd-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*studēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"studeō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"studēns\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"studente\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Student\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"student\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"studencki\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"studencki\">\nFrom student + -ski.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tew-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-\nProto-Italic *studēō\nMedieval Latin studeō\nMedieval Latin studēnsder.\nMiddle High German studente\nGerman Studentbor.\nPolish student\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish studencki\nFrom student + -ski.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "studencki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenccy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "studencko"
},
"expansion": "studencki (not comparable, derived adverb studencko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stu‧den‧cki"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"stu‧den‧cki"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ski",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "pl:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "mieszanka studencka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenckość"
}
],
"glosses": [
"student, university student (person who is enrolled at a college or university)"
],
"id": "en-studencki-pl-adj-GGCIWJ9t",
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"university student",
"university student"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education, relational) student, university student (person who is enrolled at a college or university)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenciak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studencik"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studencina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "student"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenteria"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studentka"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuˈdɛn.t͡ski/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnt͡ski"
},
{
"homophone": "Studencki"
}
],
"word": "studencki"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "mieszanka studencka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenckość"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "student",
"4": "-ski",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tew-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-\nProto-Italic *studēō\nMedieval Latin studeō\nMedieval Latin studēnsder.\nMiddle High German studente\nGerman Studentbor.\nPolish student\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish studencki\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to push\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)tew-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)tewd-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*studēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"studeō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"studēns\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-med\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"studente\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"German\", \"term\" : \"Student\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"de\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"student\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"pertaining to\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iskos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-iškas\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьskъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ski\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"studencki\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"studencki\">\nFrom student + -ski.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tew-\nProto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-\nProto-Italic *studēō\nMedieval Latin studeō\nMedieval Latin studēnsder.\nMiddle High German studente\nGerman Studentbor.\nPolish student\nProto-Indo-European *-iskos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-iškas\nProto-Slavic *-ьskъ\nOld Polish -ski\nPolish -ski\nPolish studencki\nFrom student + -ski.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "studencki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenccy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studencką",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckimi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckiej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "studenckich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"adv": "studencko"
},
"expansion": "studencki (not comparable, derived adverb studencko)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"stu‧den‧cki"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"stu‧den‧cki"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenciak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studencik"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studencina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "student"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studenteria"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "studentka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish relational adjectives",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tew-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tewd-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ski",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish uncomparable adjectives",
"Polish velar adjectives",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛnt͡ski",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛnt͡ski/3 syllables",
"pl:Education"
],
"glosses": [
"student, university student (person who is enrolled at a college or university)"
],
"links": [
[
"education",
"education"
],
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"university student",
"university student"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(education, relational) student, university student (person who is enrolled at a college or university)"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"education"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuˈdɛn.t͡ski/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnt͡ski"
},
{
"homophone": "Studencki"
}
],
"word": "studencki"
}
Download raw JSONL data for studencki meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb studencko",
"path": [
"studencki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "studencki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"studencki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "studencki",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"studencki"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "studencki",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.